Miroslav Kolar's Tower of Hanoi page has all the links, graphical solvers, non-recursive programs and empirical performance measurements.

This little book grew out of some puzzles in the Communications of the ACM. It teaches you how to think as an engineer, meaning how to write short, fast and error-free programs. It has great examples and exercises.

This so-called "wizard book" is by far the best introductory book on computer programming methodology. If you have one semester to show a curious newbie the various ways of solving problems through programming, this is the book.

CLR is one big heavy comprehensive book on introductory algorithms. It is a complete reference by itself. Here is the first edition.

The Dragon book on compilers is an engineer's reference. There is always a time when you have to program the machine to generate other programs. And you will inevitably open this book to look up parsing, memory allocation, and other techniques.

This is the complete reference on C. There is nothing like it for other languages.

These books are intended for somebody who knows some high school algebra and something about computer programming. But the more you know about computers and programming, the more you will enjoy these books. They are about programming in the most elegant, efficient, complete and rigorous way.

This book explains how to model the architecture of modern RISC-processor based workstations, including caching, pipelining and branch prediction.

This is a solid treatise on abstract machines and complexity theory. It is complete with proofs and exercises. This previous edition seems to receive better reviews.

This book is now the most popular among introductory texts in theoretical computing.